GPIO Usage Tutorial#

What is GPIO?#

GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) pins are one of the most fundamental peripherals of a microcontroller. They can be configured as:

Input mode: used to read external signals (such as buttons)
Output mode: used to control external devices (such as LEDs)
With pull-up/pull-down resistors and drive capability: adapts to different electrical connection scenarios

K230 GPIO Features Overview#

Feature	Description
Number of pins	Total of 64 GPIO pins
Mode support	Input, Output
Drive capability	0~7 adjustable (the larger the value, the stronger the drive capability)
Pull-up/pull-down configuration	Supports pull-up (PULL_UP), pull-down (PULL_DOWN), no pull-up/pull-down (PULL_NONE)

Application Example: Controlling Output Pin High/Low Level#

This example demonstrates how to configure Pin2 as output mode and control its output level.

Example Code#

from machine import Pin

# ========== 初始化 GPIO ==========
# 将 Pin2 设置为输出，关闭上下拉，设置驱动能力为 7（最大）
pin = Pin(2, Pin.OUT, pull=Pin.PULL_NONE, drive=7)

# ========== 控制电平输出 ==========
# 设置为高电平
pin.value(1)

# 设置为低电平
pin.value(0)

Interface Description#

Method	Description
`Pin(pin_num, mode, pull, drive)`	Initialize GPIO pin
`pin.value(val)`	Set output level (0 low, 1 high), or get the current pin level state
`pin.init(...)`	Reinitialize or modify pin settings

Parameter Description#

Parameter	Type	Example Value	Description
`pin_num`	`int`	`2`	Pin number (e.g., Pin2)
`mode`	Enum	`Pin.OUT`	Mode: `Pin.IN` (input), `Pin.OUT` (output)
`pull`	Enum	`Pin.PULL_NONE`	Pull-up/pull-down configuration: none, pull-up, pull-down
`drive`	`int`	`0` ~ `7`	Drive capability level, the larger the value, the stronger the drive capability

Application Scenario Examples#

Scenario	Example Description
Control LED lights	GPIO output high level to light up LED
Read button state	Configure as input mode to read button signal
Control relay or buzzer	Control peripherals through GPIO output level
General logic control	As high/low level logic output control signal

Special Notes#

The actual GPIO output current capability is limited by the drive level, supply voltage, and load, and direct driving of high-power devices should be avoided.
All pins need to be configured for multi-function multiplexing through the IOMUX/FPIOA tool before use to ensure the corresponding function mapping.

GPIO Usage Tutorial

Contents